Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-6 (of 6 Records) |
Query Trace: Gutierrez EZ[original query] |
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Integrated SARS-CoV-2 serological and virological screening across an acute fever surveillance platform to monitor temporal changes in anti-spike antibody levels and risk of infection during sequential waves of variant transmission - Dominican Republic, March 2021 to August 2022 (preprint)
Nilles EJ , Aubin MDSt , Dumas D , Duke W , Etienne MC , Abdalla G , Jarolim P , Oasan T , Garnier S , Iihoshi N , Lopez B , de la Cruz L , Puello YC , Baldwin M , Roberts KW , Pena F , Durski K , Sanchez IM , Gunter SM , Kneubehl AR , Murray KO , Lino A , Strobel S , Baez AA , Lau CL , Kucharski A , Gutierrez EZ , Skewes-Ramm R , Vasquez M , Paulino CT . medRxiv 2022 26 The global SARS-CoV-2 immune landscape and population protection against emerging variants is largely unknown. We assessed SARS-CoV-2 antibody changes in the Dominican Republic and implications for immunological protection against variants of concern. Between March 2021 and August 2022, 2,300 patients with undifferentiated febrile illnesses were prospectively enrolled. Sera was tested for total anti-spike antibodies and simultaneously collected nasopharyngeal samples for acute SARSCoV-2 infection with RT-PCR. Geometric mean anti-spike titers increased from 6.6 BAU/ml (95% CI 5.1-8.7) to 1,332 BAU/ml (1055-1,682). Multivariable binomial odds ratios for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection were 0.55 (0.40-0.74), 0.38 (0.27-0.55), and 0.27 (0.18-0.40) for the second, third, and fourth versus the first anti-S quartile, with similar findings by viral strain. Integrated serological and virological screening can leverage existing acute fever surveillance platforms to monitor population-level immunological markers and concurrently characterize implications for emergent variant transmission in near real-time. Copyright The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. This article is a US Government work. It is not subject to copyright under 17 USC 105 and is also made available for use under a CC0 license. |
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, cumulative infections, and immunity to symptomatic infection - A multistage national household survey and modelling study, Dominican Republic, June-October 2021.
Nilles EJ , Paulino CT , de St Aubin M , Restrepo AC , Mayfield H , Dumas D , Finch E , Garnier S , Etienne MC , Iselin L , Duke W , Jarolim P , Oasan T , Yu J , Wan H , Peña F , Iihoshi N , Abdalla G , Lopez B , Cruz L , Henríquez B , Espinosa-Bode A , Puello YC , Durski K , Baldwin M , Baez AA , Merchant RC , Barouch DH , Skewes-Ramm R , Gutiérrez EZ , Kucharski A , Lau CL . Lancet Reg Health Am 2022 16 100390 BACKGROUND: Population-level SARS-CoV-2 immunological protection is poorly understood but can guide vaccination and non-pharmaceutical intervention priorities. Our objective was to characterise cumulative infections and immunological protection in the Dominican Republic. METHODS: Household members ≥5 years were enrolled in a three-stage national household cluster serosurvey in the Dominican Republic. We measured pan-immunoglobulin antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (anti-S) and nucleocapsid glycoproteins, and pseudovirus neutralising activity against the ancestral and B.1.617.2 (Delta) strains. Seroprevalence and cumulative prior infections were weighted and adjusted for assay performance and seroreversion. Binary classification machine learning methods and pseudovirus neutralising correlates of protection were used to estimate 50% and 80% protection against symptomatic infection. FINDINGS: Between 30 Jun and 12 Oct 2021 we enrolled 6683 individuals from 3832 households. We estimate that 85.0% (CI 82.1-88.0) of the ≥5 years population had been immunologically exposed and 77.5% (CI 71.3-83) had been previously infected. Protective immunity sufficient to provide at least 50% protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was estimated in 78.1% (CI 74.3-82) and 66.3% (CI 62.8-70) of the population for the ancestral and Delta strains respectively. Younger (5-14 years, OR 0.47 [CI 0.36-0.61]) and older (≥75-years, 0.40 [CI 0.28-0.56]) age, working outdoors (0.53 [0.39-0.73]), smoking (0.66 [0.52-0.84]), urban setting (1.30 [1.14-1.49]), and three vs no vaccine doses (18.41 [10.69-35.04]) were associated with 50% protection against the ancestral strain. INTERPRETATION: Cumulative infections substantially exceeded prior estimates and overall immunological exposure was high. After controlling for confounders, markedly lower immunological protection was observed to the ancestral and Delta strains across certain subgroups, findings that can guide public health interventions and may be generalisable to other settings and viral strains. FUNDING: This study was funded by the US CDC. |
Monitoring temporal changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody levels and variant-specific risk for infection, Dominican Republic, March 2021-August 2022
Nilles EJ , de St Aubin M , Dumas D , Duke W , Etienne MC , Abdalla G , Jarolim P , Oasan T , Garnier S , Iihoshi N , Lopez B , de la Cruz L , Puello YC , Baldwin M , Roberts KW , Peña F , Durski K , Sanchez IM , Gunter SM , Kneubehl AR , Murray KO , Lino A , Strobel S , Baez AA , Lau CL , Kucharski A , Gutiérrez EZ , Skewes-Ramm R , Vasquez M , Paulino CT . Emerg Infect Dis 2023 29 (4) 723-733 To assess changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike binding antibody prevalence in the Dominican Republic and implications for immunologic protection against variants of concern, we prospectively enrolled 2,300 patients with undifferentiated febrile illnesses in a study during March 2021-August 2022. We tested serum samples for spike antibodies and tested nasopharyngeal samples for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection using a reverse transcription PCR nucleic acid amplification test. Geometric mean spike antibody titers increased from 6.6 (95% CI 5.1-8.7) binding antibody units (BAU)/mL during March-June 2021 to 1,332 (95% CI 1,055-1,682) BAU/mL during May-August 2022. Multivariable binomial odds ratios for acute infection were 0.55 (95% CI 0.40-0.74), 0.38 (95% CI 0.27-0.55), and 0.27 (95% CI 0.18-0.40) for the second, third, and fourth versus the first anti-spike quartile; findings were similar by viral strain. Combining serologic and virologic screening might enable monitoring of discrete population immunologic markers and their implications for emergent variant transmission. |
Clinical and economic impact of COVID-19 on agricultural workers, Guatemala
Olson D , Calvimontes DM , Lamb MM , Guzman G , Barrios E , Chacon A , Rojop N , Arias K , Gomez M , Bolanos GA , Monzon J , Chard AN , Iwamoto C , Duca LM , Vuong N , Fineman M , Lesteberg K , Beckham D , Santiago ML , Quicke K , Ebel G , Gutierrez EZ , Azziz-Baumgartner E , Hayden FG , Mansour H , Edwards K , Newman LS , Asturias EJ . Emerg Infect Dis 2022 28 (13) S277-s287 We evaluated clinical and socioeconomic burdens of respiratory disease in banana farm workers in Guatemala. We offered all eligible workers enrollment during June 15-December 30, 2020, and annually, then tracked them for influenza-like illnesses (ILI) through self-reporting to study nurses, sentinel surveillance at health posts, and absenteeism. Workers who had ILI submitted nasopharyngeal swab specimens for testing for influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and SARS-CoV-2, then completed surveys at days 0, 7, and 28. Through October 10, 2021, a total of 1,833 workers reported 169 ILIs (12.0 cases/100 person-years), and 43 (25.4%) were laboratory-confirmed infections with SARS-CoV-2 (3.1 cases/100 person-years). Workers who had SARS-CoV-2positive ILIs reported more frequent anosmia, dysgeusia, difficulty concentrating, and irritability and worse clinical and well-being severity scores than workers who had test resultnegative ILIs. Workers who had positive results also had greater absenteeism and lost income. These results support prioritization of farm workers in Guatemala for COVID-19 vaccination. |
Incorporating COVID-19 into acute febrile illness surveillance systems, Belize, Kenya, Ethiopia, Peru, and Liberia, 2020-2021
Shih DC , Silver R , Henao OL , Alemu A , Audi A , Bigogo G , Colston JM , Edu-Quansah EP , Erickson TA , Gashu A , Gbelee GB Jr , Gunter SM , Kosek MN , Logan GG , Mackey JM , Maliga A , Manzanero R , Morazan G , Morey F , Munoz FM , Murray KO , Nelson TV , Olortegui MP , Yori PP , Ronca SE , Schiaffino F , Tayachew A , Tedasse M , Wossen M , Allen DR , Angra P , Balish A , Farron M , Guerra M , Herman-Roloff A , Hicks VJ , Hunsperger E , Kazazian L , Mikoleit M , Munyua P , Munywoki PK , Namwase AS , Onyango CO , Park M , Peruski LF , Sugerman DE , Gutierrez EZ , Cohen AL . Emerg Infect Dis 2022 28 (13) S34-s41 Existing acute febrile illness (AFI) surveillance systems can be leveraged to identify and characterize emerging pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collaborated with ministries of health and implementing partners in Belize, Ethiopia, Kenya, Liberia, and Peru to adapt AFI surveillance systems to generate COVID-19 response information. Staff at sentinel sites collected epidemiologic data from persons meeting AFI criteria and specimens for SARS-CoV-2 testing. A total of 5,501 patients with AFI were enrolled during March 2020-October 2021; >69% underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing. Percentage positivity for SARS-CoV-2 ranged from 4% (87/2,151, Kenya) to 19% (22/115, Ethiopia). We show SARS-CoV-2 testing was successfully integrated into AFI surveillance in 5 low- to middle-income countries to detect COVID-19 within AFI care-seeking populations. AFI surveillance systems can be used to build capacity to detect and respond to both emerging and endemic infectious disease threats. |
Tracking immune correlates of protection for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Nilles EJ , Paulino CT , de St Aubin M , Duke W , Jarolim P , Sanchez IM , Murray KO , Lau CL , Gutiérrez EZ , Ramm RS , Vasquez M , Kucharski A . Lancet Infect Dis 2023 23 (2) 153-154 Reliable SARS-CoV-2 correlates of protection (COP) are crucial for predicting individual-level risk of infection, estimating population susceptibility, and assessing future epidemic risks.1 However, COP studies are challenging given that blood samples ideally need to be collected close to the time of exposure, which is hard to predict. Thus, most existing SARS-CoV-2 COP estimates are based on vaccine efficacy trial data,2, 3 which include frequent blood sampling and strict infection monitoring and are therefore well suited for this purpose. Yet these trials were conducted before the circulation of highly immune-evasive variants of concern (VOC), and in populations with little previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2, limiting their current relevance. We previously reported how existing acute fever surveillance platforms could be used to monitor population-level temporal changes in SARS-CoV-2 immune markers, and documented that higher antibody levels were associated with lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.4 Here, we build off that previous work to show that routinely collected fever surveillance data analysed using a prospective test-negative design5 can generate rapid and VOC-specific immune COP for symptomatic infection. |
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